In response to the health and economic damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) in March 2021, which makes $1.9 trillion available to individuals, states and territories, counties, cities, community organizations, educational institutions, and other entities. Some funds are intended to shore up or even expand programs and agencies that have been depleted during the pandemic, while other funds are designated or available to create new programs. ARPA contains many health-related provisions, with particular focus on behavioral health services (inclusive of mental health and substance use care), the health care workforce, and programs that make health insurance coverage and health care available to more people. This summary focuses on the key components of ARPA that will affect health care in Massachusetts.

Housing First programs offer chronically homeless individuals immediate housing as a foundation for the delivery of a range of other supportive services, such as mental health and/or substance use disorder services and social service supports. This report summarizes a study examining the effect of the Housing First model on health care utilization and costs among chronically homeless individuals enrolled in MassHealth. The findings from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of a permanent housing and supportive services program in reducing total health care utilization and costs among chronically homeless individuals.

The revised federal public charge rule – which was finalized in August 2019 and took effect in Massachusetts in February 2020 – makes it harder for certain low- and moderate-income immigrants to obtain green cards or visas if they have applied for or enrolled in public benefits such as MassHealth or the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). This report describes the expected effects of the revised federal public charge rule on MassHealth and SNAP enrollment, and its downstream effects on the health of Massachusetts residents, health care providers, and the state’s economy.

This report updates and builds upon a November 2018 publication, The Proposed Public Charge Rule: An Overview and Implications in Massachusetts, which featured a similar analysis based on the proposed public charge rule. This current report analyzes the impact of the final rule, uses more recent data as the basis for its estimates, and updates the methodology based on new information. The estimates in this report do not account for strategies that are taking place within Massachusetts to try to mitigate the impact of public charge on enrollment in MassHealth - including intensive outreach and education in immigrant communities.

This brief builds upon a July 2018 publication, What to Know About ACOs: An Introduction to Accountable Care Organizations, which was developed as a resource for stakeholders (i.e., providers, health care administrators, and policymakers) to help explain the key elements of MassHealth ACOs, including the three types of ACOs, who they serve, and the services they provide. With Year 2 of the MassHealth ACO program now well underway, this updated edition provides information on new developments in the structure and features of the ACO program, including:

• Expanded information about the Community Partners Program;
• A new section explaining the Flexible Services Program;
• A list of the finalized measures by which ACO quality will be assessed; and
• Updated enrollment data, timelines, and resources for additional information.

This collection of materials goes beyond the topline statistics often used to characterize those served by MassHealth in order to paint a richer, more meaningful picture of the more than one in four Massachusetts residents enrolled in the program. MassHealth serves our most vulnerable residents across their life spans from infants and children with special needs who gain access to comprehensive health care and support services required to reach their full potential, to the elderly and those living with disabilities who receive community based care that helps them remain in their homes. This detailed set of data and narrative profiles of MassHealth enrollees illustrate many of the life circumstances that create a need for MassHealth, and the various ways that MassHealth impacts individuals and their families. Fully understanding who MassHealth enrollees are and hearing from them about the role MassHealth plays in their lives is critical to informing policy and program development.

This project includes the following components:

1. A chart pack summarizing the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals enrolled in MassHealth as of June 2018.
2. Five journalistic profiles of a diverse set of real MassHealth members.
3. A databook that provides more detail on the quantitative findings presented in the chart pack.

This brief describes the potential impact in Massachusetts of a proposed rule, released by the Department of Homeland Security in October 2018, to change the process by which it determines whether an immigrant is inadmissible to the United States or unable to adjust status because the person is likely to become a “public charge.” The proposed Public Charge Rule would mark a significant shift from current policy by defining a “public charge” as a noncitizen who receives one or more public benefits. This brief also provides an estimate of the scope of immigrants in Massachusetts who may be impacted by the proposed rule and what effect that could subsequently have, both directly and as a result of the “chilling effect,” on enrollment in particular benefit programs, including MassHeath and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

This report seeks to inform the discussion of MassHealth sustainability through a novel analysis of MassHealth data that differentiates among the major drivers of MassHealth spending. The report examines whether spending is being driven by growth in enrollment or per-enrollee spending, and which populations or types of services are the biggest contributors to spending growth. The findings suggest that as enrollment growth tied to previous coverage expansions levels off, the state will increasingly need to focus on controlling per-enrollee spending, particularly in the areas of pharmacy and long-term services and supports (LTSS).

Following a review of the findings, this report proposes a series of tailored policy options informed by other states’ strategies to further understand and address spending growth in the areas of pharmacy and LTSS.

MassHealth introduced accountable care organizations (ACOs) for many of its members in March 2018. An ACO is a group of doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers that work together with the goals of delivering better care to members, improving the population’s health, and controlling costs. This brief serves as a resource for stakeholders (i.e., providers, health care administrators, policymakers) to help explain the key elements of MassHealth ACOs. A variety of topics are covered in this brief, including: member eligibility; ACO types; savings and losses; member enrollment and assignment; plan selection periods and fixed enrollment; primary care provider exclusivity; and ACO features, such as community partners.

This brief prioritizes issues for consideration as accountable care organizations (ACOs) and managed care organizations (MCOs) prepare to integrate and fully manage comprehensive long-term services and supports (LTSS) over the course of Massachusetts’ five year 1115 waiver extension. The identified priority areas were informed by lessons learned from managed LTSS programs in other states and interviews with key stakeholders in Massachusetts. This brief concludes with a series of detailed descriptions of the institutional and community LTSS covered under the Medicaid state plan that will eventually be integrated into ACOs and MCOs.

Based on valuable feedback from stakeholders this brief has been revised to better distinguish between certain services, in particular, adult foster care and group adult foster care.

Federal authorization for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) expired on September 30, 2017. Senators Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Ron Wyden (D-OR) have filed a bill to extend CHIP for five years, but Congress did not act quickly enough to prevent the current authorization from expiring. Unspent federal CHIP funds may be carried over into the next fiscal year and Massachusetts’s current allotment of federal CHIP funds should allow the state to continue to use CHIP funds for benefits until early 2018. However, we have now entered a policy limbo in which states are hopeful for reauthorization but must also determine other coverage options for children if funds run out.

As follow up to the Foundation’s June report, The Importance of CHIP Reauthorization for Massachusetts, this brief provides an update on the status of federal reauthorization for CHIP and a summary of its potential impact on the program in Massachusetts.

This report describes the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in Massachusetts and its role as part of MassHealth. Though there is no expiration date for CHIP in federal law, Congress has authorized funding of the program through September 30, 2017. Without Congressional action, a majority of states, including Massachusetts, will exhaust their current federal CHIP allocation by March 2018. This report discusses the importance of CHIP and the broader health policy debate, including reauthorization, now taking place in Washington.

This report presents the results of a study analyzing the impact of the Community Support Program for People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness (CSPECH) on the utilization and cost of health care services. CSPECH is an innovative program through which MassHealth reimburses community-based support services provided to chronically homeless individuals residing in permanent supportive housing. Findings show that coupling supportive services like the type provided by CSPECH with permanent housing can lead to substantial improvements in housing stability and significant reductions in the utilization of acute health care services.

Findings from this report were featured at a Foundation event held on March 8, 2017. Click here to learn more about the event.

This issue brief describes the key elements of the most recent MassHealth 1115 waiver extension, including the shift to a delivery system centered on Accountable Care Organizations and Community Partners, a Delivery System Reform Incentive Program, the redesigned Safety Net Care Pool, and the expansion of services for treatment of substance use disorders. It concludes with a discussion of implications of the new system for major stakeholder groups.

This report, prepared by Manatt Health, lays out a vision for MassHealth long-term services and supports (LTSS) that is person-centered, integrated, sustainable, accountable, and actionable, providing Massachusetts policymakers with a set of options to consider when tackling some of the most intractable challenges facing the Commonwealth’s LTSS system.

The vision and policy areas addressed in the report were identified through the development of a data chart pack and supplemental interviews with consumers, government officials, community and institutional LTSS providers, health plans, and workforce representatives.

Findings from this report were featured at a Foundation event held on May 10, 2016, MassHealth Matters II: Options for Reforming Long-Term Services and Supports. Click here to learn more about the event.

This report, written by Robert Seifert, Michael Grenier, and Jean Sullivan of the Center for Health Law and Economics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, summarizes the history of the MassHealth 1115 waiver and examines the key components of the new waiver extension, organized around five themes: coverage, services, delivery redesign, support for the safety net, and looking to the future. This most recent waiver extension, which the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) granted in October 2014, is for five years (until June 30, 2019). However, a major component—the Safety Net Care Pool—was extended for only three years (until June 30, 2017), with the terms for the remaining two years subject to further negotiation.

In conjunction with the full report, the authors developed an abbreviated summary of the MassHealth 1115 waiver, which provides an overview of the new provisions approved under the waiver renewal.